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Moshe Sipper, Daniel Mange, and Andrés Pérez-Uribe (Eds.)
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES98) Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1998 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1478, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1998 ICES98 Home Page Order Proceedings: springer.de, amazon.co.uk, amazon.com |
Preface
The idea of evolving machines, whose origins can be traced to the cybernetics movement of the 1940s and the 1950s, has recently resurged in the form of the nascent field of bio-inspired systems and evolvable hardware. The inaugural workshop, Towards Evolvable Hardware, took place in Lausanne in October 1995, followed by the First International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES96), held in Japan in October 1996.
These proceedings contain the papers presented at the Second International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES98), which was hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. The papers present the latest developments in a field that unites researchers who use biologically inspired concepts to implement real-world systems. This year's conference saw a wide range of topics, including: evolution of digital systems, evolution of analog systems, embryonic electronics, bio-inspired systems, artificial neural networks, adaptive robotics, adaptive hardware platforms, and molecular computing.
We thank the authors for their high-quality contributions and the members of the program committee for their invaluable help in the refereeing process. We also thank the International Latsis Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for financial support.
| Lausanne, July 1998 | Moshe Sipper |
| Daniel Mange | |
| Andrés Pérez-Uribe |
General Chair: Daniel Mange, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Program Chair: Moshe Sipper, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Conference Secretary: Andrés Pérez-Uribe, Swiss Fed. Inst. of Technology
International Steering Committee:
Program Committee:
| H. Adeli, Ohio State U. | L. Kang, Wuhan U. |
| I. Aleksander, Imperial College | J. R. Koza, Stanford U. |
| D. Andre, U. California, Berkeley | P. L. Luisi, ETH Zentrum |
| W. W. Armstrong, U. Alberta | B. Manderick, Free U. |
| F. H. Bennett III, Stanford U. | P. Marchal, CSEM, Switzerland |
| J. Cabestany, Polit. Catalunya | J. J. Merelo, U. Granada |
| M. Capcarrère, EPFL, Switzerland | J. F. Miller, Napier U. |
| L. O. Chua, U. California, Berkeley | F. Mondada, EPFL, Switzerland |
| C. Ciressan, EPFL, Switzerland | J. M. Moreno, Polit. Catalunya |
| R. J. Deaton, U. Memphis | P. Nussbaum, CSEM, Switz. |
| R. Dogaru, U. California, Berkeley | C. Piguet, CSEM, Switzerland |
| B. Faltings, EPFL, Switzerland | J. Reggia, U. Maryland |
| D. Floreano, EPFL, Switzerland | E. Ruppin, Tel Aviv U. |
| T. C. Fogarty, Napier U. | E. Sanchez, EPFL, Switzerland |
| D. B. Fogel, Natural Selection, Inc. | A. Stauffer, EPFL, Switzerland |
| H. de Garis, ATR-HIP, Japan | L. Steels, Vrije U. |
| M. H. Garzon, U. Memphis | D. Thalmann, EPFL, Switz. |
| E. Gelenbe, Duke U. | A. Thompson, U. Sussex |
| W. Gerstner, EPFL, Switzerland | M. Tomassini, U. Lausanne |
| R. W. Hartenstein, Kaiserslautern U. | G. Wendin, Chalmers U. |
| I. Harvey, U. Sussex | L. Wolpert, U. College London |
| H. Hemmi, NTT, Japan | X. Yao, ADFA, Australia |
| J.-C. Heudin, Pôle Universitaire | J. Zahnd, EPFL, Switzerland |
Table of Contents
Evolution of Digital Systems
A Gate-Level EHW Chip: Implementing GA Operations and
Reconfigurable Hardware on a Single LSI .......................... 1
I. Kajitani, T. Hoshino, D. Nishikawa, H. Yokoi, S. Nakaya, T. Yamauchi,
T. Inuo, N. Kajihara, M. Iwata, D. Keymeulen, and T. Higuchi
On the Automatic Design of Robust Electronics Through
Artificial Evolution ........................................... 13
A. Thompson
Aspects of Digital Evolution: Geometry and Learning ................ 25
J. F. Miller and P. Thomson
Evolutionary Design of Hashing Function Circuits using an FPGA ...... 36
E. Damiani, V. Liberali, and A. G. B. Tettamanzi
A New Research Tool for Intrinsic Hardware Evolution ............... 47
P. Layzell
A Divide-and-Conquer Approach to Evolvable Hardware .............. 57
J. Torresen
Evolution of Astable Multivibrators in Silico ....................... 66
L. Huelsbergen, E. Rietman, and R. Slous
Some Aspects of an Evolvable Hardware Approach for Multiple-Valued
Combinational Circuit Design ................................... 78
T. Kalganova, J. F. Miller, and T. C. Fogarty
Adaptation in Co-Evolving Non-Uniform Cellular Automata ........... 90
V. Vassilev and T. C. Fogarty
Synthesis of Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits from Partial
Input/Output Sequences ....................................... 98
C. Manovit, C. Aporntewan, and P. Chongstitvatana
Data Compression for Digital Color Electrophotographic Printer with
Evolvable Hardware........................................... 106
M. Tanaka, H. Sakanashi, M. Salami, M. Iwata, T. Kurita, and T. Higuchi
Comparison of Evolutionary Methods for Smoother Evolution.......... 115
T. Hikage, H. Hemmi, and K. Shimohara
Evolution of Analog Systems
Automated Analog Circuit Synthesis using a Linear Representation ..... 125
J. D. Lohn and S. P. Colombano
Analogue EHW Chip for Intermediate Frequency Filters .............. 134
M. Murakawa, S. Yoshizawa, T. Adachi, S. Suzuki, K. Takasuka,
M. Iwata, and T. Higuchi
Intrinsic Circuit Evolution using Programmable Analogue Arrays ....... 144
S. J. Flockton and K. Sheehan
Analog Circuits Evolution in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Modes ............ 154
R. S. Zebulum, M. A. Pacheco, and M. Vellasco
Evolvable Hardware for Space Applications ........................ 166
A. Stoica, A. Fukunaga, K. Hayworth, and C. Salazar-Lazaro
Embryonic Electronics
Embryonics: A Macroscopic View of the Cellular Architecture.......... 174
D. Mange, A. Stauffer, and G. Tempesti
Embryonics: A Microscopic View of the Molecular Architecture......... 185
D. Mange, A. Stauffer, and G. Tempesti
Modeling Cellular Development using L-Systems .................... 196
A. Stauffer and M. Sipper
MUXTREE Revisited: Embryonics as a Reconfiguration Strategy in
Fault-Tolerant Processor Arrays ................................. 206
C. Ortega-Sánchez and A. Tyrrell
Bio-Inspired Systems
Building Complex Systems using Developmental Process:
An Engineering Approach ...................................... 218
H. Kitano
Evolving Batlike Pinnae for Target Localisation by an Echolocator ...... 230
H. Peremans, V. A. Walker, G. Papadopoulos, and J. C. T. Hallam
A Biologically Inspired Object Tracking System ..................... 240
R. DuBois
The "Modeling Clay" Approach to Bio-Inspired Electronic Hardware .... 248
K. Hayworth
Artificial Neural Networks
A "Spike Interval Information Coding" Representation for
ATR's CAM-Brain Machine (CBM) .............................. 256
M. Korkin, N. E. Nawa, and H. de Garis
Learning in Genetic Algorithms ................................. 268
E. Gelenbe
Back-Propagation Learning of Autonomous Behavior: A Mobile Robot
Khepera Took a Lesson from the Future Consequences ............... 280
K. Murase, T. Wakida, R. Odagiri, W. Yu, H. Akita, and T. Asai
SPIKE_4096: A Neural Integrated Circuit for Image Segmentation ...... 287
J.-L. Rebourg, J.-D. Muller, and M. Samuelides
Adaptive Robotics
Analysis of the Scenery Perceived by a Real Mobile Robot Khepera ..... 295
R. Odagiri, W. Yu, T. Asai, and K. Murase
Evolution of a Control Architecture for a Mobile Robot............... 303
M. Ebner
Adaptive Hardware Platforms
Field Programmable Processor Arrays ............................ 311
P. Nussbaum, B. Girau, and A. Tisserand
General-Purpose Computer Architecture Based on Fully
Programmable Logic .......................................... 323
K. Oguri, N. Imlig, H. Ito, K. Nagami, R. Konishi, and T. Shiozawa
Palmo: Field Programmable Analogue and Mixed-Signal VLSI for
Evolvable Hardware........................................... 335
A. Hamilton, K. Papathanasiou, M. R. Tamplin, and T. Brandtner
Feasible Evolutionary and Self-Repairing Hardware by Means of the
Dynamic Reconfiguration Capabilities of the FIPSOC Devices ......... 345
J. M. Moreno, J. Madrenas, J. Faura, E. Cantó, J. Cabestany,
and J. M. Insenser
Fault Tolerance of a Large-Scale MIMD Architecture using
a Genetic Algorithm .......................................... 356
P. Millet and J.-C. Heudin
Hardware Evolution with a Massively Parallel Dynamically
Reconfigurable Computer: POLYP ............................... 364
U. Tangen and J. S. McCaskill
Molecular Computing
Molecular Inference via Unidirectional Chemical Reactions ............ 372
J. J. Mulawka and M. J. Ocwieja
Author Index ............................................. 381
Author Index
| Adachi, T., 134 | Kajihara, N., 1 | Sakanashi, H., 106 |
| Akita, H., 280 | Kajitani, I., 1 | Salami, M., 106 |
| Aporntewan, C., 98 | Kalganova, T., 78 | Salazar-Lazaro, C., 166 |
| Asai, T., 280, 295 | Keymeulen, D., 1 | Samuelides, M., 287 |
| Kitano, H., 218 | Sheehan, K., 144 | |
| Brandtner, T., 335 | Konishi, R., 323 | Shimohara, K., 115 |
| Korkin, M., 256 | Shiozawa, T., 323 | |
| Cabestany, J., 345 | Kurita, T., 106 | Sipper, M., 196 |
| Cantó, E., 345 | Slous, R., 66 | |
| Chongstitvatana, P., 98 | Layzell, P., 47 | Stauffer, A., 174, 185, 196 |
| Colombano, S. P., 125 | Liberali, V., 36 | Stoica, A., 166 |
| Lohn, J. D., 125 | Suzuki, S., 134 | |
| Damiani, E., 36 | ||
| de Garis, H., 256 | Madrenas, J., 345 | Takasuka, K., 134 |
| DuBois, R., 240 | Mange, D., 174, 185 | Tamplin, M. R., 335 |
| Manovit, C., 98 | Tanaka, M., 106 | |
| Ebner, M., 303 | McCaskill, J. S., 364 | Tangen, U., 364 |
| Miller, J. F., 25, 78 | Tempesti, G., 174, 185 | |
| Faura, J., 345 | Millet, P., 356 | Tettamanzi, A. G. B., 36 |
| Flockton, S. J., 144 | Moreno, J. M., 345 | Thompson, A., 13 |
| Fogarty, T. C., 78, 90 | Mulawka, J. J., 372 | Thomson, P., 25 |
| Fukunaga, A., 166 | Muller, J.-D., 287 | Tisserand, A., 311 |
| Murakawa, M., 134 | Torresen, J., 57 | |
| Gelenbe, E., 268 | Murase, K., 280, 295 | Tyrrell, A., 206 |
| Girau, B., 311 | ||
| Nagami, K., 323 | Vassilev, V., 90 | |
| Hallam, J. C. T., 230 | Nakaya, S., 1 | Vellasco, M., 154 |
| Hamilton, A., 335 | Nawa, N. E., 256 | |
| Hayworth, K., 166, 248 | Nishikawa, D., 1 | Wakida, T., 280 |
| Hemmi, H., 115 | Nussbaum, P., 311 | Walker, V. A., 230 |
| Heudin, J.-C., 356 | ||
| Higuchi, T., 1, 106, 134 | Ocwieja, M. J., 372 | Yamauchi, T., 1 |
| Hikage, T., 115 | Odagiri, R., 280, 295 | Yokoi, H., 1 |
| Hoshino, T., 1 | Oguri, K., 323 | Yoshizawa, S., 134 |
| Huelsbergen, L., 66 | Ortega-Sánchez, C., 206 | Yu, W., 280, 295 |
| . | ||
| Imlig, N., 323 | Pacheco, M. A., 154 | Zebulum, R. S., 154 |
| Insenser, J. M., 345 | Papadopoulos, G., 230 | |
| Inuo, T., 1 | Papathanasiou, K., 335 | |
| Ito, H., 323 | Peremans, H., 230 | |
| Iwata, M., 1, 106, 134 | ||
| Rebourg, J.-L., 287 | ||
| Rietman, E., 66 | ||