Procedure for finding a minimal element, in a relation R in A procedure Min(a) - input: an arbitrary element a of A - output: m is a minimal element of R 1) m <- a; 2) j=0 3) if there is no element x such that x R m 4) then return 5) else take an element x such that x R m 6) m <- x 7) j <- j+1 8) go to (3) Algorithm for finding a total order R', given by a numbering a'[i], such that R is a subset of R' 1) i=1 2) take an arbitrary unmarked element a of A 3) Min[a] 4) a'[i] <- m 5) mark m 6) if i=|A| then stop 7) else i <- i+1; go to (2)