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December 9, Wednesday
12:00 – 13:30

A secret-sharing scheme is a mechanism for sharing data among a set of participants such that only pre-defined authorized subsets of participants can reconstruct the data, while any other subset has absolutely no information on the data. The talk will have 2 parts. In the first part, I will give some background on secret sharing schemes and introduce several simple schemes. In addition, I will discuss the connection between secret sharing and information theory. (This part is really simple) In the second part I will briefly show some results from my thesis. Specifically, the result from the paper Secret Sharing and Non-Shannon Information Inequalities  Amos Beimel and Ilan Orlov [TCC09]

the abstract of this paper follows The known secret-sharing schemes for most access structures are not efficient; even for a one-bit secret the length of the shares in the schemes is $2^{O(n)}$, where $n$ is the number of participants in the access structure. It is a long standing open problem to improve these schemes or prove that they cannot be improved. The best known lower bound is by Csirmaz (J. Cryptology 97), who proved that there exist access structures with $n$ participants such that the size of the share of at least one party is $n/ log n$ times the secret size. Csirmaz's proof uses Shannon information inequalities, which were the only information inequalities known when Csirmaz published his result. On the negative side, Csirmaz proved that by only using Shannon information inequalities one cannot prove a lower bound of $omega(n)$ on the share size. In the last decade, a sequence of non- Shannon information inequalities were discovered. This raises the hope that these inequalities can help in improving the lower bounds beyond $n$. However, in this paper we show that all the inequalities known to date cannot prove a lower bound of $omega(n)$ on the share size.